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CHAPTER NINETEEN
MANKIND'S DISPLACED MEMORY
For some centuries already researchers have been
trying to understand and explain the nature of
anti-Semitism. It has spread everywhere. Its
manifestations are found even in those countries such asKorea
or
Mongolia,
where the Jews never were in the past. Everywhere the
words "Hebrew" or "Jew" evoke vigilance, anxious alarm,
and the expectation of something bad. They resound as a
danger signal.
These feelings more often than not have no
relation to specific Jews. It is impossible to count how
many mixed marriages have been performed, are being
performed and will be performed in all the countries
where Jews live. The count comes to many hundreds of
thousands in the United
States and
Russia.
It is not by chance that the U.S. Jewish community
declines from decade to decade - not owing to emigration
to Israel or an increase of the death rate, but only
because children in mixed families stop considering
themselves Jews. And nonetheless, their non-Jewish
relatives behave on the whole negatively toward Judaism.
It is perceived as an abstract
Evil, as a sinister fate, which hangs
permanently over mankind.
Such
a relationship influences even Jews themselves. Jewish
anti-Semitism is wide spread among a significant part of
them. At the everyday level, it is manifested in the
fact that one or the other man considers himself a true
Jew, and those compatriots whom he hates, are
degenerates: "They
disgrace us, the real Jews."
A
great deal of the works of the anti-Semitic sense have
been written by Jewish authors who attempt to distance
themselves from those who as before consider themselves
representatives of this people. State and public
figures, businessmen, artists and painters who have,
besides others, Jewish roots too, as a rule, conceal the
fact. Jews, who have converted to Christianity or in
general have rejected any kind of religion, often are
the most consistent anti-Semites. The brightest examples
are the inquisitor Torquemad and the atheist Karl Marx.
The prominent 19th century researcher Daniil
Khvolson considered that in a century "nearly 150 Jews
who converted to Christianity published essays that were
hostile with respect to Jews. . . five or six of
them were filled with phantasmagoria about ritual
murders. (Daniil Avraamovich
Khvolson. On Some Medieval
Accusations against Jews. A Historical
Investigation according to Sources. - St. Petersburg,
1880, pages 279-280).
The prevalence of anti-Semitism and its influence
on people stumps researchers. Prominent men of letters,
historians, philosophers and even businessmen (Henry
Ford) have taken up this topic. They have held to
various views of Jewry, often diametrically opposed,
about which we were speaking in the beginning of the
book. They have brought in as evidence whole libraries
of works. Nevertheless, the problem has not been made
clear so far.
Many contemporary scientists trace the reasons
for anti-Semitism to xenophobia. Indeed, xenophobia,
which means in translation from the Greek "fear of
foreigners," underlies all nationalistic views. As has
been discovered, it is even a principle of animal
psychology, which gave birth to natural selection. In
the animal world the outsider, as a rule, brings danger.
Therefore, our smaller brothers will not accept
outsiders. And, in the opinion of psychologists,
primitive man inherited this phobia, transferring the
notion of "outsider" to unknown tribes.
In primitive society "we" is always "people" in
the direct meaning of the world. Whereas "they"
are not quite people. A further
transformation of this formula: "they are not
quite people" is the corner stone of racist doctrine, a
negative reaction to everything that originates from
another nation. "Nationalism
starts there where the consciousness of our own
individuality changes into a hostile psychological
purpose which increases the feeling of fear, hatred and
intolerance.
They ascribe
aggressiveness, ill-will and a whole spectrum of
negative anti-humanistic features to the other people.
Their own
on the other hand - they endow with all possible virtues
that serve as a psychological justification of the
negative relationship to strangers (V. Iliushenko)
However, all of this concerns nationalism and
xenophobia on the whole. As regards anti-Semitism, then
its broadest prevalence testifies to additional roots,
which define its uniqueness as a
social phenomenon.
We see these roots most of all in the existence
in the Middle Ages of a worldwide empire of monotheists.
When the adherents of Judaism, Semites from the Middle
East, changed into a predominant priestly caste in the
worldwide Catholic-Judaic empire (they called themselves
Catholics!) when they took to introducing monotheism
there and everywhere by force of arms, when, finally, in
its name they began to remove from people the last
property to the treasury of the emperor, then did hatred
for the Jews flare up as a bright flame, leaving the
deepest footprint on the historical
memory. This hatred raged
especially frantically after the empire collapsed and
nothing protected the "Jew-foreigners" any longer.
Competition extremely intensified the situation
on the part of the Christian trade and financial capital
that was again coming into being. And as expected by the
new participants of the struggle for supremacy in the
trade and financial markets, they established as their
goal the weakening, and still better - the extermination
of the Jewish competitors, who no longer were supported
by the military power of the former empire. A colossal
public relations smear campaign of the caste of duty and
tax collectors was created for these purposes.
The
newcomers must be given their due: they brilliantly used
the chronic hatred of the tax-payers. When they were
unable to beat the competitors with smarter
transactions, the new masters of the finances and
markets elevated the people to the fight under slogans
of extermination of those who believed otherwise, the
damned murderers of Jesus Christ, the enemies of
mankind, the devils incarnate. And then, sometimes in
one country and sometimes in another, the pogroms rolled
and the fires of auto-da-fe blazed.
Often, when one really wanted to rob the Jews,
the monarchs didn't bother themselves with slogans and
appeals. Daniil Khvolson cites such a fact:
"The German emperor of the time, Albrecht, in the
capacity of, as he said, the heir of the emperors
Vespasian, Titus and Charlemagne, declared claims to the
supreme truths over the French Jews. Consequently, the
King (Phillippe IV "The Fair") suddenly detained all the
Jews of France, men and women, old people and children,
for one day, took from them all personal assets and real
estate, confiscated for his own use all their debts to
Christians and, leaving them only the shirt on their
backs, banished 100,000 people from the country, having
made them beggars. "Here are your
Jews! " - he mockingly said then to the German emperor.
"
Daniil Khvolson does not mention the paradoxical,
at first glance, situation: the king
considers the claims of the German emperor on the French
Jews are normal. One
would think, for what reason can one state manifest its
laws on the citizens of another country? It can be only
in the case if it is a question of people who have a supranational
status that everyone recognizes. Calling himself
the heir of the emperors Vespasian, Titus and
Charlemagne, Albrecht was speaking, per se, about the
legacy of the empire of monotheists.
In "A History of Anti-Semitism," Leon Poliakov
also cites data which is evidence of the purely material
justification for the persecution of the Jews:
"The connection between the struggle for the
purity of the truth and the class or caste interests is
especially keenly observed in Castile, where from the
end of the 13th century (according to the
Scaliger chronology - author's note)
) the strengthening bourgeoisie received their own
representation in the chapter, and also the right to
send their own delegates to parliament (Cortes) and to
approve taxes."
They
themselves didn't keep the pogroms waiting. The arising
bourgeoisie elevated the rabble against the
Jews. The slogans
are curious under which the crowds threatened those who
believed otherwise: "In
Barcelona the crowd cried:
the rich
want to destroy the common people!" That is, it was a
question not of those who believe otherwise and other
nationalities, but of coin purses.
In many works devoted to anti-Semitism, a list of
Jewish pogroms and persecutions is cited which were
committed in various centuries. Here are some lines from
this list:
. . . 1290 - The expulsion
of the Jews from
England.
1391
- The
pogrom in
Seville
(Spain).
30,000
people killed.
1394 - The expulsion
of the Jews from
France.
1492
- Hundreds
of thousands of Jews expelled from
Spain.
. . (M. Chernov
"Suicide," "Continent
USA,"
2003)
We
propose that these events need to be dated as the second
half of the 15th century, with a time
interval of 30 - 40 years.
On
2 January 1492, Their Catholic Majesties Ferdinand and
Isabella ceremoniously entered
Granada.
On 31 March of
that very same year, they signed an edict about the
banishment of the Jews from
Spain:
". .
. We have received information from the inquisitors and
from other persons that contact of Jews with Christians
is leading to the worst of consequences. . As a result, our sacred
Catholic faith has been humbled and
dishonored.
Thus, we
have come to the conclusion that the only effective
means to put an end to these misfortunes consists of the
final severance of all contacts between Jews and
Christians, and this can be achieved only by the
expulsion of the Jews from our kingdom" Leon
Poliakov)
Events in neighboring
Portugal
developed somewhat differently. Expulsion would
have represented an immediate catastrophe for the small
country's economy. Forced Baptism
was the only solution, which was compatible with
Portugal's
political ambitions. At Easter 1497,
events began to unfold at an accelerated rate. They took
the children from their parents and carried them to
Baptismal fonts. Those of the
parents who did not follow their children voluntarily
were taken there by force several weeks later.
"A
blasphemous farce, caused by the lowest and vilest of material
motives" - such was the verdict in the 20th
century of Menendez y Pelayo.
The "Jewish
Encyclopedia" cites the following numbers: from
England
in the 13th century 16,000 Jews were
expelled, from
France
in the 14th century 100,000, and from
Spain
in the 15th century - 200,000 people.
Over time, the persecution of the Jews took on a
mystical
nature. As their role was forgotten in an empire that
had passed into non-existence, the existence itself of
this group of people began to be perceived as evidence
of Satan's schemes. They had become the embodiment of
the dark forces, the conductors of Evil in this world.
And they were idolized in their own way, they both
observed customs which were not the customs of their own
people and they prepared something like their own
nourishment. But chiefly, the world's gold literally
stuck to their hands. It is not unlike the Devil
protected them.
This accusation was especially popular in the
decades when the plague and cholera epidemics savaged
Europe. As evidence of the
connections of the Jews with Satan was the fact that in
the years of the "Black Death" fewer of the "Devil
incarnate" died than Christians. Now we understand that
the isolated life in the ghetto and the observance of
special purification rituals adopted in Judaism saved
quite a few lives. But at that time they saw in this the
hand "of a human sort of enemy." They were blamed
that they, being protected by the Devil, were attempting
to annihilate the Christians and wrongly treated the
sick, set deprivation upon them with witchcraft and even
poisoned the wells.
In Chillon a certain Jew under torture
"confessed," that some of his like believers in the
south of
France
conspired and prepared poison from spiders, frogs,
lizards, human flesh, Christian hearts and impure hosts.
They distributed
the powder made from this mixture among the communities
so as to scatter it into the wells from which the
Christians drew water for drinking. This supposedly also
caused the terrible epidemic around all of
Europe.
And most
often, accusations were repeated of the kidnapping of
Christian infants and their ritual
murder.
However,
not everything is understood with these accusations.
Traditional historians with some surprise noted that
before the 12th century, Christian society not once made
similar accusations concerning the Jews. There are some
reports about murders committed for magical and
bewitching purposes, but Jews do not figure in them, but
heathens.
Reflecting on this fact, the historians assume
that "Obviously, the influence of the horrors which were
enkindled by the crusades was decisive." It turns out
that before the crusades, they were speaking about the
bloody customs of the Jews nevertheless, but quietly,
and so the crusades for the liberation of the Holy
sepulcher added fuel to the fire.
How so? It is enough to read the records of one
of the participants of the crusade, Robert de Clari,
which have been preserved to our time, in order to see
what goals the crusaders had set for themselves. They
thought about money and plunder, but not about the Holy
Sepulcher. And even in general their goal was "slaughter
the Saracens," and not "save the Sepulcher." There is
not a single word about Jesus or the cross or about the
Holy Sepulcher! (Edgar Holmes
McNeal The Conquest
of Constantinople of Robert of
Clari. New
York,
1936) Robert de Clari also didn't mention a word about
the Jews - "Christ's killers."
In our
opinion, they did not accuse the Jews of ritual killings
for the reason that the Israelites, that is the followers
of monotheism, were everyone in that period. Above
all they are the ruling elite of the empire! And only
then when the empire collapsed, was all that mud, which
previously had fallen onto the polytheists, slung onto
the Jews.
The
dubious honor of the birth of blood libel belongs to
England.
According to the
traditional chronology, at the start of the 12th century
here, in Norwich, the
first matter of a similar accusation was investigated.
The body of a young apprentice, William, subsequently
recognized as a saint, was discovered the day before
Good Friday in a forest.
The first
accusation and first murder of a Jew. A broken-down
debtor knight of the dead boy cut him down. "An accidental
coincidence," write the traditional historians.
Hugo of Lincoln in England,
supposedly crucified by Jews in 1255, even became the
hero of folk ballads.
There was also
such a variant of the accusations: In the Temple of
Jerusalem
supposedly they worshipped the head of a donkey
(according to another variant - of a pig) and once a
year they sacrificed a captured and well fed Greek. Why
in particular a well-fed, and not a skinny Greek,
history conceals.
If
one is to believe the modern Russian anti-Semite Oleg
Platonov, then in the Kievan caves are preserved to this
day relics of Saint Evstratius, "who was crucified on a
cross by Jews on Good Friday in a rite of slandering
Jesus Christ in 1096" (Oleg Platonov, Russia's Crown of
Thorns. A Secret of
Lawlessness. Judaism and
Freemasonry versus Christian Civilization. - Moscow, 1998, page
109)
In
many cases they availed themselves of the accusations of
ritual murders soberly and prudently. S. Resnick, who has
researched the history of blood libel in detail, writes:
"The
schemes were well developed. An ordinary Christian
child crucified or killed by other means excites the
crowd and causes a pogrom during which . . the Christians succeed
in making a good profit. Later the authorities
intervene. They calm down the
crowd. . . and impose an indemnity on the Jewish
community. When little of this is
found, they expel the Jews, having robbed them blind.
A simple and reliable
method to supplement the emptied treasury of a landlord,
monastery or kingdom.
Tales of
man-eating Jews who kidnapped youths, in order to revel
in Christian blood in the secret ceremonies of their
"Basurman" religion, were part of the consciousness of the
peoples of Europe. Rumor ascribed to the
Jews special diseases and properties from which they
were able to be saved only with the help of Christian
blood. According to these
legends, Jewish women in childbirth were not able to be
delivered without the help of Christian blood; their
children were born blind, and in order to regain their
sight, they also supposedly required Christian blood.
It too was needed for
the marriage ceremony and for the rite which was
performed over a dying Jew; in order that wild boar's
tusks and ears didn't grow in them; even to stop
menstruation in Jewish men, which supposedly was
peculiar to them the same as even to women. And, but of course,
the most wide-spread rumor was repeated over and over
again about the unleavened Passover bread, into which
the Jews supposedly mix Christian blood. (S. Resnick. "Blood Libel in
Russia," Washington, 1999)
But even this, in our view, does not fully
clarify the reasons and incurability of anti-Semitism.
The history of mankind knows quite a number of wars in
which the enemies committed inconceivable atrocities in
relation to each other. Nonetheless, in the historical memory of peoples,
who at some time have suffered huge losses during
battles and in years of lawlessness, there is no chronic
hatred. No one takes revenge on the heirs of former
enemies, experiences jealousy and alarm, and having seen
them, calls on fellow citizens for the destruction of
the "strangers." Only the Jews alone are favored with
such an honor.
Modern psychoanalysis gives a persuasive
explanation for this phenomenon. It
has revealed that human consciousness breaks up and
replaces unpleasant memories.
Here is a typical syndrome described in
psychiatric textbooks.
A father,
overall an easy-tempered man, while drinking whiskey,
lit a cigar and treated his son roughly and cruelly.
When the son had
grown, and his father has died, the son with trepidation
began to react to his memory, in many respects
exaggerating the father's actions. The unpleasant
memories have been crushed completely and sincerely.
However, with the smell of cigar smoke asthmatic spasms
and the on-set of asphyxia started in him. Treatment
with medicines has not helped, and then the
psychiatrists, while doing a checkup, ascertain that in
the son's consciousness the memories of the real father
were split: the "good" father was
idealized, and the "bad" replaced and displaced into the
subconscious. And it reacted to cigar smoke.
A further
development of this scientific course which is called
neofreudism, has led to the discovery that something
similar happens with social memory.
One
can fully seriously contend that memories of the real
empire of the Israelites, in many respects cruel and
ruthless, have been split in the consciousness of
European society into a good hundred idealized stories
and one displaced memory. Among the
versions, according to the reasons for the events of
those years, our historical memory has brought into the
world the "ancient Roman," "Byzantine," "ancient Greek,"
"ancient Jewish," "ancient Russian," "Mongolian,"
"ancient Chinese" and some other histories. In which
connection, as already was shown, they are idealized,
that is, they are distinguished by the brilliant heroism
of the participants of the events, by their nobility, by
the pure feelings, by fearlessness in the struggle for
justice and the like. Chroniclers and
historians have called and call the ancient times the
"Golden Age," when both people were supposedly better
and life considerably more interesting.
The very
role of the "cigar" in the public memory has fallen to
Judaism.
Taking after Freud, S. Resnick emphasizes that
the legend of the "use of Christian blood" is nothing
other than the transfer to the Jews of an anti-Semite's
own secret longings.
"Christianity has condemned human sacrifice as a
terrible sin, but the atavistic inclination for orgies
of blood has not disappeared. It has been
suppressed, displaced into the subconscious. And afterwards it was
carried over to the Jews. . ." (S. Resnick, The Seduction of
Hatred. Blood Libel in
Russia. Daat/Znanie
Publishers, Moscow-Jerusalem, 2001)
Thus, at the root of anti-Semitism, in our view,
lies the displaced memory of mankind
about the cruel and bloody features of the first empire
of monotheists.
The facts
connected with the cardinal question:
when did Anti-Semitism
arise? testify, in
particular, to the validity of our approach to this
phenomenon.
Indeed, did it exist until the Middle Ages? The
author of the well-known work, "A History of
Anti-Semitism," Leon Poliakov, thinks that anti-Semitism
arose in the Hellenistic era, and is dated by the period
of Alexander the Great's campaigns to the 30s of our
era. The first manifestations of anti-Jewish sentiments
are observed, in his opinion, in the city of Alexandria.
V. Iliushenko, an
Orthodox historian, author of numerous articles about
the mutual relations of Christianity and Judaism, holds
another view:
"Anti-Semitism existed before Christianity. It has a pagan origin.
And it is connected
with the fact that Judaism, which the Jews professed, is
a monotheistic religion, it opposed the pagan polytheism
in a natural way. The facts of Jewish
pogroms were well known as early as the first century
B.C. in Alexandria."
As we see, the opinions agree on one thing: the
first pogroms supposedly took place in ancient Alexandria.
The assertion of V. Iliushenko, irreproachable in its
logic, is cheapened by the reference to this Egyptian
city. And here is why. That which are the "facts of the
Jewish pogroms were well known as early as the first
century B.C.," is based on documents composed in the
Middle Ages, as demonstrated by the adherents of the new
chronology. Not a single original of these documents has
been preserved. Their appearance itself testifies to
massive forgeries: they only appeared
when the monarchs, bishops or
noble grandees ordered them.
Thus it happened, for example, with the speeches
and letters of Cicero,
which no one knew before the Middle
Ages. And, you see, in them are very sharp anti-Semitic
expressions which are used to this day:
"You know, Laelius, what kind of a gang this is,
how they hold together, what influence they exert on the
meetings. Therefore, I will
speak in a low voice in order that only the judges can
hear me, because many people will be found who are ready
to set this crowd on me and on every respectable man,
and we don't want to make this easier. . ."
"The Jewish people are spread over the whole
earth, scattered among the residents of a multitude of
countries." "There is neither one
city of the Hellenes and not one of the barbarian people
where our custom of celebration of the Sabbath, fasting
and lighting of candles would not have penetrated,"
writes Josephus Flavius supposedly at the start of the
new era.
Meanwhile, as the
adherents of the new chronology have shown, there is
evidence of the fact that his compositions were written
after the sailing of
Christopher Columbus.
Max
Weber is categorical:
"The universal propagation of 'anti-Semitism' in
antiquity is a fact."
Theodor Mommsen maintains:
"From
Horace's slight mockeries of the obsessive Jews from the
Roman ghetto it was a huge step to the absolute hatred
of Tacitus for these fiends of
a humankind, for whom everything clean is
unclean, and all that is unclean is clean. . ." ("Roman
History," volume V)
The hatred of Tacitus is not the least classical.
Tacitus himself appeared at that
time when it had become necessary to have an ancient history of an arising
Germany. So then, in the 15th century, the Roman Pope,
Leo X (really the 10th? )
publishes Tacticus's "Germany,"
which there and then becomes the foundation of German
history which was unknown to anyone before that. As early as 1425,
the papal secretary,
Poggio Bracciolini, a well-known Italian forger of
"ancient" works, ordered this production in the German
Hershfeld monastery. In 1455, the manuscript was,
finally, brought into Italy
by a certain Alberto d'Ascoli. The popes did not
decide to publish the remake for dozens of years, and
when, at last, they did decide, they immediately
destroyed the original of the manuscript. The inquisition after
some time makes short work of one of d'Ascoli's
descendants. Probably, they were destroying the last
traces of the fraud.
Up
to now, no one has attempted to explain how Tacticus's
manuscript came to be in a German monastery, how it was
preserved there 1,500 years and why they had not used it
all this time. (
Dr. Lucas Brasi, Der
groe Schwindel. Bausteine fr eine
wahre Geschichte der Antike. 1955)
That which is "ancient anti-Semitism" is in fact
a tracing of the anti-Semitism of a completely different
era, and by implication the traditional historians
recognize themselves, and even everyone, who for some
kind of reasons is involved with this problem. True,
they are expressed carefully, using words of the type
"surprisingly," "strangely enough," "mysteriously," and
the like. But the essence remains the following:
"Antiquity in interrelations with the Jews
demonstrates to us the features, which sometimes
surprisingly are reminiscent of a new time, even the last century or
the last decades. . . The principle
factors which define even now the situation of "Jewry"
already were present in antiquity.
So
writes Igor Shafarevich, who stands on the side of
"moderate" anti-Semitism.
One of the most
surprising peculiarities of the persecutions consists of
the fact that they have born, so to speak, a cyclical
nature. Periods of persecutions where replaced by an
invitation to the Jews to return to the countries from
where they were expelled.
Characteristic in this regard is
England,
where a broad discussion of the merits of Judaism and
its consequences preceded their return. The preacher and
theologian, John Toland, who is called the "first free
thinker in the history of the West," in connection with
persecutions against the Jews even brought an accusation
against the fathers of the church of the distortion of
the original Christian teachings ("Nazaicus,
a Jewish, Gentile and Mahometan Christianity"
(1718):
". . .
the true Christianity
of the Jews was suppressed as a result of the actions of
the much more numerous heathens who did not endure the
simplicity and full agreement with the reason of this
Jewish Christianity (.. . ) Thanks to that very
same heathen tradition, veneration of the saints,
prayers for the dead, the worship of icons and other
manifestations of Greek and Roman superstitions were
introduced, not the least trace of which it is
impossible to find anywhere in the Bible.
A brave
assertion for the start of the 18th century.
In the
work, "Arguments in Favor of the Naturalization of Jews
in Great Britain and Ireland," John Toland assures his readers of the
fact that a significant part of them has Jewish blood in
their veins, especially this concerns the Scots, "which
is the reason for which numerous residents of this part
of the island experience a significant aversion to pork
and blood pudding, while not speaking of some other
easily noticed coincidences."
It is
funny to read that Jewish blood flows in the veins of
Scots. It is much more serious to presume that in
the Scots a bias toward pork has remained since the
times of the empire of the monotheists! But we are getting
into details already. The main thing
in the other, in Toland's opinion, is the Jews need to
return to England.
Why?
John Toland, as too
many other authors, insists on special Jewish abilities,
which were claimed again by yesterday's thugs and
murderers.
A weak
basis. The heirs of the imperial publicans and
money-lenders did not possess any kind of special
economic and financial talents, without which those
driven out of a country, in particular,
England,
almost perished. There were no such talents, even as
there wasn't even a Jewish nation itself. .
Then nations generally didn't exist
in the modern meaning of this word. People defined
themselves according to beliefs. When Jesus
Christ said that "there is neither Greek nor Jew" before
the Most High, he didn't have in mind Jews and Greeks as
nations, as it is understood now by the popular
perception. By Jews in the Gospels
they have in mind the followers of the teachings of
Moses, that is monotheists, and by
Greeks - pantheists, the heathens who recognize
polytheism. Not an ethnic, but a
religious classification of the population held sway.
This tradition has been maintained in many
countries to now. In Jewry itself, deeply believing
people even up to the present time think Jews only are
those who religiously obey the instructions of the
Torah. Therefore, a non-believer for them is not a Jew,
even if all his forefathers were faithful Jews. But they
unconditionally recognize as Jews, for example, native
Russian peasants from the Smolensk,
Astrakhan
and Voronezh
areas of Russia
who professed Judaism as early as the second century.
Instead of "nation" in
the historical sources are met the expressions "Germanic
tribes" (for example, the Angles, Saxons, Francs and
Goths), the "Slavonic tribes" (the Krivichi, Polieni,
Drevliani, and Vyatichi), the "Iberian tribes" (the
Picts, Basques, Turdetans, Torduls) and so on. The common word
"tribes" here is accompanied by definitions of the
"Germanic," "Slavonic," and "Iberian." . . But the are the ideas
equivalent that are contained
in these definitions to the idea of "nation"?
The first edition of the
Encyclopedia Britannica (Edinburgh, 1771 ) maintains that the
word German meant even as early as
the 18th century "half-blooded, a
relative by blood," that is of the same tribe. The word german generally still didn't
have the meaning "German as nation" at that time. Therefore, "ancient
Germans" - is any community of people who
adhere to a clan-tribal structure of interrelations
which is based on a blood relationship. Any tribe, for example, Slavonic - the same as Germans, as
too Saxons, Sweves and Cimbri. In the Spanish
language, for example, the word hermano even today means
"brother" and hermana is "sister."
Once we have touched upon the etymology of the
names of tribes and nations, we shall clarify what "Jew"
means. According to the research of Emile Benveniste, a
first-rate modern expert in these questions, "Jew,"
besides "stranger" means the same thing that "Hun" and
"Tatar" and "Turk" mean. They express the idea of a "mixed people" in various
languages. And today there is the
international word hybrid (English hybrid "dissimilar,
mixed," Italian ibrido. ) Jews
(English Hebrew,-they
themselves are Iberian) - this is a mixed population in
the ethnic sense of the medieval Mediterranean Sea,
according to Father Alexander Men, a
"Mediterranean
Sea race," and by no means Jews in the
modern sense.
Nations
and peoples were formed only after the fact as states
rose on the ruins of the empire. They are the produce of
the historical development of recent centuries! And only the Scaliger
chronology has allowed transferring to the depths of the
centuries the realities of the newest times and to
declare peoples as ancient, and others supposedly as
young. We all are from the same time.
Traditional history, but of course,
does not agree with this. It thinks that the formation
of peoples went in accordance with a plan that was
clearly prescribed in the march of Moses: they left from some
kind of region for another region, conquered the
aboriginals of that place, organized a state in the new
place headed by some ruler, lived through a period of
flourishing and. were turned into aboriginals for new
conquerors. Thus did the ancient
"ethnos" appear and disappear, and circles of human
civilization replaced each other, while being elevated
according to the Marxist spiral supposedly all the way
to the 17th century, when, at last, modern nations were formed by the
labors of the humanists.
Here is such a plan which was highlighted as
early as in the Old Testament, according to which the
whole Scaliger chronology was constructed. In it, it
would seem, even the history of the Jews is confined.
However, how does one explain the fact that they do not
disappear? From all the other "most ancient ethnos" some
names remain, and Jews as they were, so have they too
remained in this world. An inexplicable anomaly. Just as, in the best
case, is "the riddle of the historical process," in the
worst are the "intrigues of Satan."
But
let us return to the questions of just what the secret
of the return of the Jews to one or the other country
is. It consisted, above all, of their financial and trade
connections. No persecutions were able to extirpate
the traditions of the former imperial caste, the
solidarity of its members, professionals in financial
spheres, their mutual aid and support. Their connections
ranged to all countries, regardless of borders and
distances. They knew that without economic and financial
interaction with neighbors not one state can exist, and
therefore, sooner or later their experience, skills and
their business contacts again will be needed. And when
they invited them, they returned to continue their
business. It is clear, with a great advantage for
themselves. There is no place for unselfishness in
business.
"The chimerical
nationality of the Jew is the nationality of a merchant,
generally of a man of means. Money is the jealous
god of Israel,
in the face of which there is not supposed to be any
other god." Karl Marx)
The Jews were also extremely useful as skilled
craftsmen, experienced physicians, musicians,
naturalists and even simply a literate people.
In the
conditions of persecutions they, essentially, trusted
only their own and preferred to carry on business mainly
with their own. In this is one of the chief reasons for
the ineradicability of Judaism, which is connected with
the caste's code. Its moral standards, rules of behavior
and rituals, language and external attributes have
served as infallible guidelines in the recognition of their own.
The Russian historian, Vladimir Soloviev wrote:
". . .
besides a passion for money, the Jews also have another
peculiarity: the strong unity of
all of them in the name of a common faith and a common
law. . . Both all
Israel,
and every family in it. . . they are penetrated to
the depths of the soul and to the marrow of the bones
with the sense and consciousness of their own national,
familial and personal I. . . " (Vladimir Soloviev "The Jews
and the Christian Question")
One
doesn't pretend it possible to agree with the historian.
Everything about which Vladimir Soloviev wrote is
inherent not to a nation. There is nowhere in the world
a nation, all the members of which equally would be
"penetrated with the sense and consciousness of their
own national, familial and personal I." A nation is not
an army which lives according to military regulations.
And the fact that a discipline, comparable with
military, was inherent to the Jews in many ways serves
as another proof of its caste roots.
One may
compare it with the nobility in the era of the medieval
flowering of this class. To be a noble by blood or by
the grace of a king was considered the highest honor,
although it also applied extremely tough limitations on
behavior and dictated everything, right up to the point
of how to dress, how to travel (only on horse!) and how
to treat the common people, who deserved only arrogant
and scornful treatment. It is enough to read a number of
places in the Talmud in order to feel a truly nobleman's attitude of the Jews
to those who believe otherwise. Haughtiness and contempt
for the "Goyem" are in excess there.
The founding
fathers of the modern state of Israel
have felt perfectly the cliquishness of the Jews. One of
them has talked about the fact that he dreams of a time
when their own criminals, prostitutes and prisons will
be in Israel.
And then it will be a normal state, the same as all
the rest. In other words, not a caste.
The
dreams of the founding fathers have been realized in
full. Israel
exists, and the Jewish people live there. And it has
prisons, prostitutes, drug addicts and gays. As all
people have. The times of the caste and its global role
in the world have ended.
The main
reasons for the formation of this people, in our view,
was the colossal external pressure on the Jews and the
caste discipline in their midst. This process was
concluded by the creation of the state of
Israel.
The role
of anti-Semitism in the unity of the Jews more than once
has been underscored by the founders and ideologists of
Zionism.
Theodor
Herzl, the founder of Zionism, wrote in his diary: "Anti-Semites will be
our most reliable friends, and anti-Semitic countries -
our allies" ( | 
